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Type: |
ENERTECH 44 |
- |
- |
Rotor Dia. [m] |
13.4 |
- |
- |
Rotor r.p.m. |
53 |
- |
- |
Power [kW] |
25 |
- |
- |
Power Regulation |
Stall |
- |
- |
Blade Make |
Own |
- |
- |
Turbines produced |
? |
- |
- |
An early Enertech Turbine was 13 foot diameter and 1.5 kW.
Enertech Wind Systems of Norwich, Vemont
Downwind Turbine. 3 Blades in laminated wood/epoxy. Overspeed control: Tip brakes.
A 40 kW turbine was also planned.
Since the blades are fixed pitch with no twist, the rotor has to be motored up to the proper rpm for cut in.
In 1994 the California Energy Commission reported 469 Enertech Turbines Installed in California with a capacity of 19.0 MW ( average 40 kW) |
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Type: |
1 kW |
- |
- |
Rotor Dia. [m] |
2.8 |
- |
- |
Rotor r.p.m. |
- |
- |
- |
Power [kW] |
1 |
- |
- |
Power Regulation |
- |
- |
- |
Blade Make |
- |
- |
- |
Turbines produced |
- |
- |
- |
Company lead by wind veteran Mike Bergey.
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198X - |
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Type: |
Windworker 10 |
- |
- |
Rotor Dia. [m] |
10 |
- |
- |
Rotor r.p.m. |
20 - 45 |
- |
- |
Power [kW] |
9 |
- |
- |
Power Regulation |
Pitch |
- |
- |
Blade Make |
Own (Aluminium) |
- |
- |
Turbines produced |
? |
- |
- |
Downwind with multipole permanent magnet alternator.
The extruded aluminium blades had fibreglass tips.
Developed by Windworks Inc. of Mukwonago, Wisconsin.
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PM Wind Power |
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Type: |
PM 25 |
- |
- |
Rotor Dia. [m] |
10.4 |
- |
- |
Rotor r.p.m. |
27 - 36 |
- |
- |
Power [kW] |
25 |
- |
- |
Power Regulation |
Stall |
- |
- |
Blade Make |
Own |
- |
- |
Turbines produced |
? |
- |
- |
Downwind machine. Fibreglass blades (2) - Fibreglass Flexbeam Root. "Designed by aeronautical engineers, specialists in fibreglass helicopter and turboprop blades."
Developed by Production Machinery Corporation of Mentor, Ohio. |
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UTRC |
198X - ? |
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Type: |
UTRC 108 |
- |
- |
Rotor Dia. [m] |
9.75 |
- |
- |
Rotor r.p.m. |
- |
- |
- |
Power [kW] |
(15)(8) |
- |
- |
Power Regulation |
- |
- |
- |
Blade Make |
Own |
- |
- |
Turbines produced |
? |
- |
- |
2 blades of pultruded Fibreglass (Downwind) - Mechanical pitch control by a Flexbeam root, coupled via straps to pendulum weights.
Developed by United Technologies Research Center by M.C. Cheney in period 1975 - 1981. Utilizes Bearingless Rotor Concept developed for Sikorsky Aircraft and now used on their helicopters.
"UTRC has elected, not to pursue commercialization of this design and has released the inventor and developer, M.C. Cheney to form an independent company." This company was the Windtech, Inc. of Glastonbury, Connecticut.
A similar design was later marketed as the American Wind Shark, by International Dynergy, Inc.
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198X - ? |
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Type: |
Windtech 20 |
Windtech 40 |
Windtech 50 |
Rotor Dia. [m] |
10 |
14.6 |
15.2 |
Rotor r.p.m. |
- |
- |
- |
Power [kW] |
20 |
40 |
50 |
Power Regulation |
- |
- |
- |
Blade Make |
Own |
Own |
Own |
Turbines produced |
? |
? |
> 200 |
A 75 kW model with rotor diameter 15.8 m was also designed.
Downwind rotor with 2 blades of pultruded Fibreglass - Mechanical pitch control by a Flexbeam root, coupled via straps to pendulum weights.
Originally developed by M.C. Cheney of United Technologies Research Center in period 1975 - 1981. "Utilizes Bearingless Rotor Concept developed for Sikorsky Aircraft and now used on their helicopters."
"UTRC has elected, not to pursue commercialization of this design and has released the inventor and developer, M.C. Cheney to form an independent company." This company was the Windtech, Inc. of Glastonbury, Connecticut.
A similar design was later marketed as the American Wind Shark, by International Dynergy, Inc.
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American Windshark (Dynergy) |
198X - ? |
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Type: |
American Windshark 80 kW |
- |
- |
Rotor Dia. [m] |
16.5 |
- |
- |
Rotor r.p.m. |
95 |
- |
- |
Power [kW] |
80 |
- |
- |
Power Regulation |
- |
- |
- |
Blade Make |
Own |
- |
- |
Turbines produced |
? |
- |
- |
American Windshark was fabricated by Dynergy Systems Corporation, a subsidary of INTERNATIONAL DYNERGY INC. of Palm Springs, California.
Downwind rotor with 2 blades of pultruded Fibreglass - Mechanical pitch control by a Flexbeam root, coupled via straps to pendulum weights.
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WECS-TECH Corporation |
1980 - ? |
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Type: |
Wecs-Tech 70 kW |
Wecs-Tech 1558 |
- |
Rotor Dia. [m] |
- |
17.7 |
- |
Rotor r.p.m. |
- |
60 |
- |
Power [kW] * |
70 |
150 |
- |
Power Regulation |
- |
- |
- |
Blade Make |
Own |
Own |
- |
Turbines produced |
? |
? |
- |
Downwind rotor with 3 "sail wing type" blades with Aluminium Spars and Dacron cover. V-belt drive from the Gearbox to the Generator .
The WECS-Tech Turbine. According to United Press Int., on November 28th 1981 WECS-Tech of Compton, California was the first company to conclude a Wind Energy Contract with Southern California Edison.
In the high altitudes of the Tehachapi Pass the Sails were weakened by UV-radiation, which helped Mother Nature tear the Rotors apart on these light constructions.
The company offered a 5 year warranty. (!)
Here pictured at Oak Creek in Tehachapi, California (1983) –
Wecs-Tech Corporation was located at Lawndale, California.
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1981- ? |
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Type: |
Windway 34-75 IIS |
W- |
- |
Rotor Dia. [m] |
10.3 |
- |
- |
Rotor r.p.m. |
120/80 |
- |
- |
Power [kW] |
75 |
- |
- |
Power Regulation |
Stall |
- |
- |
Blade Make |
Own GRP+Steel |
- |
- |
Turbines produced |
> 100 |
? |
- |
Downwind Turbine with 3 Fibreglass blades filled with polyurethane foam. Blade Spar in Steel.
Induction generator. More information to come.
Many hundreds of these Turbines looked like white flowers on the hills of the Altamont pass in the early eighties. Developer and manufacturer was John Eckland, who earlier served in the Carter Energy Administration.
In 1994 the California Energy Commission reported 822 Fayette Turbines Installed in California with a capacity of 77.3 MW ( average 94 kW) |
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1977- ? |
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Type: |
Storm Master Model 12 |
- |
- |
Rotor Dia. [m] |
12 |
- |
- |
Rotor r.p.m. |
132 |
- |
- |
Power [kW] |
40 |
- |
- |
Power Regulation |
Stall |
- |
- |
Blade Make |
Own GRP |
- |
- |
Turbines produced |
? |
- |
- |
Earliest model was a 10 m rotor diameter model. First blade had fibreglass shell and foam core.
Downwind Turbine with ultra slim pultruded fibreglass blades.
Produced in San Diego, California.
The STORM MASTER was an "early bird" in the wind farms of Tehachapi and Altamont, California.
After a series of rotor failures, experiments with another rotor type: (Wood blades etc.)
In 1994 the California Energy Commission reported 10 Storm Master Turbines Installed in California with a capacity of 0.4 MW ( average 40 kW)
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198X - ? |
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Type: |
300 Darrieus |
400 Darrieus |
AWT-26 (HAWT) |
Rotor Dia. [m] |
17 x 42 |
21 x 63 |
26.2 |
Rotor r.p.m. |
- |
- |
- |
Power [kW] |
300 |
400 |
- |
Power Regulation |
- |
- |
225 - 275 |
Blade Make |
- |
- |
- |
Turbines produced |
(510) |
(?) |
- |
Most commercial successfull Darrieus Turbine in the US.
FloWind also developed a horizontal axis Turbine, named AWT-26, rated 225 - 275 kW.
In 1994 the California Energy Commission reported 510 Flo Wind Turbines Installed in California with a capacity of 94.1 MW ( average 184 kW)
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197X- ? |
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Type: |
Blue Max |
- |
- |
Rotor Dia. [m] |
- |
- |
- |
Rotor r.p.m. |
- |
- |
- |
Power [kW] |
50 |
- |
- |
Power Regulation |
Stall |
- |
- |
Blade Make |
Own Aluminium |
- |
- |
Turbines produced |
? |
- |
- |
Downwind Turbine with extruded aluminiun blades.
Produced in Bakersville, California.
The Blue Max was an "early bird" in the Oak Creek wind farm at Tehachapi, California.
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Grumman Energy Systems Inc.
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197X - ? |
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Type: |
Windstream 33 |
- |
- |
Rotor Dia. [m] |
10 |
- |
- |
Rotor r.p.m. |
74 |
- |
- |
Power [kW] |
15 |
- |
- |
Power Regulation |
Pitch |
- |
- |
Blade Make |
Own (Aluminium) |
- |
- |
Turbines produced |
? |
- |
- |
Induction generator. Early turbine (1979) had 7.6 m rotor diameter, 3 blades - 15 - 20 kW.
3 extruded aluminium blades with 0° twist. had fibreglass tips.
Developed by Grumman Energy Systems of Ronkonkoma, New York.
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WTG Energy Systems Incorp.
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Type: |
- |
- |
- |
Rotor Dia. [m] |
24.4 |
- |
- |
Rotor r.p.m. |
- |
- |
- |
Power [kW] |
200 (250) |
- |
- |
Power Regulation |
- |
- |
- |
Blade Make |
- |
- |
- |
Turbines produced |
? |
- |
- |
This was an upwind Turbine ! A rare configuration - in the early US Wind Turbine landscape.
Induction generator, variable rpm (?).
Developed by WTG Energy Systems Inc. og Angola, New York.
In 1981 WTG entered into a joint venture with Howden of Scotland. WTG were to supply a 250 kW WTG Turbine to the Central Electricity Generating Board, at Carmarthen Bay in South Wales, England. ( In 1982 Howden followed with a "in house" design of their first 200 kW Turbine.
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198X- ? |
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Type: |
ELFIN 750 |
- |
- |
Rotor Dia. [m] |
7.5 |
- |
- |
Rotor r.p.m. |
125 - 145 |
- |
- |
Power [kW] |
10 |
- |
- |
Power Regulation |
- |
- |
- |
Blade Make |
Own |
- |
- |
Turbines produced |
? |
- |
- |
Downwind Turbine. 3 Blades in fibreglass/epoxy.
Overspeed control: Pitch contrrol.
Elfin Wind Energy Systems was located in Walinford, Vermont.
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198X- ? |
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Type: |
A-11 |
- |
- |
Rotor Dia. [m] |
11 |
- |
- |
Rotor r.p.m. |
53 |
- |
- |
Power [kW] |
30 |
- |
- |
Power Regulation |
- |
- |
- |
Blade Make |
Own |
- |
- |
Turbines produced |
? |
- |
- |
Downwind Turbine. 2 Blades in Sitka spruce composite.
From the brochure: "Blade tips automatically change their pitch to slow rotor. The system is passive, no electric or mechanical actuators are used. Simplicity."
Aerolite Inc was located at Dartmouth, Massachusetts. |
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197X- ? |
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Type: |
Model XS |
Model XT |
- |
Rotor Dia. [m] |
11 |
13.4 |
- |
Rotor r.p.m. |
- |
- |
- |
Power [kW] |
12(Max 20) |
16 (Max 25) |
- |
Power Regulation |
- |
- |
- |
Blade Make |
Aeroglass E.S. |
Aeroglass E.S. |
- |
Turbines produced |
? |
? |
- |
Hedan U.S.A. was located at Xenia, Ohio.
Downwind Turbine. 3 Blades in fibreglass. Overspeed control: Pitch control.
A 40 kW turbine was also planned.
Since the blades are fixed pitch with no twist, the rotor has to be motored up to the proper rpm for cut in.
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Kaman Aerospace Corporation
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Type: |
Kaman 40 kW |
- |
- |
Rotor Dia. [m] |
19.5 |
- |
- |
Rotor r.p.m. |
69.2 |
- |
- |
Power [kW] |
40 |
- |
- |
Power Regulation |
- |
- |
- |
Blade Make |
Own |
- |
- |
Turbines produced |
? |
- |
- |
Kaman, under a NASA contract, designed and fabricated a 47 m long composite blade in 1978. In 1979 Kaman designed and fabricated the two 31.4 m long blades for the 2000 kW NASA MOD-1 Turbine, installed at Boone , North Carolina.
Besides the 40 kW Turbine, that was tested at the DOE Rocky Flats Test Center, Kaman also designed and fabricated a 17 meter diameter Darrieus Turbine, under contract with Sandia Laboratories. This VAWT-Turbine was tested at Albuqurque, New Mexico, with 2- as well as 3-blade configuration.
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197X - ? |
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Type: |
AEO-20 |
- |
- |
Rotor Dia. [m] |
6.1 |
- |
- |
Rotor r.p.m. |
95 |
- |
- |
Power [kW] |
4 (Max 6) |
- |
- |
Power Regulation |
Pitch |
- |
- |
Blade Make |
Own |
- |
- |
Turbines produced |
? |
- |
- |
Aeolian Energy was located at Ligonier, Pennsylvania.
Downwind Turbine. 3 Blades in pultruded fibreglass. Overspeed control: Pitch control.
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1980 - ? |
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Type: |
DOE/ALCOA VAWT |
- |
- |
Rotor Dia. [m] |
16.8 x 25 |
- |
- |
Rotor r.p.m. |
- |
- |
- |
Power [kW] |
100 |
- |
- |
Power Regulation |
- |
- |
- |
Blade Make |
Own |
- |
- |
Turbines produced |
? |
- |
- |
The DOE/ALCOA Turbine was developed by Sandia Laboratories.
In March 1981 it began operation at US Department of Agriculture Wind Laboratory, as a supplementary source of electric power for an irrigation well.
Blades (2): Extruded Aluminium. Overspeed control: Brake.
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1976 - ? |
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Type: |
DAF 4 -VAWT |
DAF 40 -VAWT |
- |
Rotor Dia. [m] |
4.6 x 5.5 |
11.3 x 16.8 |
- |
Rotor r.p.m. |
- |
67/81/90 |
- |
Power [kW] |
4 |
40 |
- |
Power Regulation |
- |
- |
- |
Blade Make |
Own |
Own |
- |
Turbines produced |
? |
? |
- |
DAF Indal Ltd. |
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Type: |
50 kW |
230 kW |
Series 6400 |
Rotor Dia. [m] |
11.2 x 16.8 |
36.7 x 24.4 |
- |
Rotor r.p.m. |
80 |
36 |
- |
Power [kW] |
50 |
230 |
500 |
Power Regulation |
- |
- |
- |
Blade Make |
- |
- |
- |
Turbines produced |
? |
? |
? |
The DAF 4 Stand alone Darrieus Turbine for water pumping was erected at the Alternative Energy Institute of West Texas State University for testing purposes in 1981. The DAF 40 was installed March 1978. Pumping Tests with parallel Diesel Engine were performed. Extruded aluminium blades. Spoilers for overspeed conttrol.
Based at Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, DAF Indal Ltd. worked with Darrieus Turbines since 1976. Turbines in the range from 6 kW, 12 kW, 50 kW, 230 kW to 500 kW were developed.
Pictured the 50 kW and the 500 kW DAF Indal Turbines at Southern California Edison Test center near Palm Springs, California.
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1978 - ? |
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Type: |
WINGEN 25 |
- |
- |
Rotor Dia. [m] |
13.4 |
- |
- |
Rotor r.p.m. |
- |
- |
- |
Power [kW] |
25 |
- |
- |
Power Regulation |
Pitch control |
- |
- |
Blade Make |
Own (Sailwing) |
- |
- |
Turbines produced |
- |
- |
- |
The WINGEN 25 stand alone Turbine for water pumping was erected at the Alternative Energy Institute of West Texas State University for testing purposes.
In 1979 it was installed at a farm near Tulia Texas with a provision added: When no irrigation was needed, the irrigation pump was disconnected and the induction motor became an induction generator.
Blades (3) Downwind: Aluminium Spars with Dacron cover.
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